I have come up with a definition for the Kingdom of God, "Israel as it should be." One might then ask, "What is Israel as it should be?" And concluding that such a definition is unhelpful for understanding an already loaded concept. Let me give you the basic thrust of my thinking here. Offer corrections, suggestions, cautions and comments in general.
(1) Israel was always intended to be a Theocracy (1 Sam 8.4-9), but rejected God in seeking an earthly ruler.
(2) Regardless, God promised to establish his covenant through a King (1 Sam 7.12-16; ca. 1200-1000 B.C.)
(3) Through years of socio-political turmoil, from the split of the Northern and Southern Kingdom on including: Assyrian exile (701 B.C.), followed by Babylonian Exile (586 B.C.), Nehemiah as a glimmer of hope (445 B.C.), until the Seleucid Empire and Antiochus IV Epiphanes (ca 170 B.C.), another glimmer of hope in the Maccabean Revolt (167-170 B.C.) until the instituation of the Hasmonean ruling priestly class not sanctioned by levitical law (152 B.C. ), then Pompey and Roman control (63 B.C.) which included such tyrant rulers as Herod the Great (37 - 4 B.C.) follwed by his incompentent sons and a slew of anti-semite Roman governers until the Jewish war (66-70 A.D.) Richard Horsley in
Bandits, Prophets and Messiahs: Popular Movements in the Time of Jesus, has a great overview of the socio-political conditions of Israel highlighting the majority peasant class. All that to say that the economic burden of the constant power struggle had crippled the majority lower class, in such a way that even if they didn't know the scriptures as well as the ruling elite, they knew they were not living in the Promised Land as God intended it. All that to say that N.T. Wright is correct in
Jesus and the Victory of God to say the Jew's considered themselves to be in exile, or at least not living in Israel as God had intended it.
(4) The agenda of the popular movements in and around the time of Jesus was to bring the kingdom, they simply used different means to do so. Included in these movements are Pharisees, Saducees, Essenes, and perhaps the controversial "Zealot" movement, others also found in Horsley's
BPM.
(5) Jesus considered his role to be enacting the kingdom of God in a climactic way, which included taking such titles as "Son of Man" and "Messiah" among other indications including his prophetic preaching, healings and exorcisms. See Wright
JVG.
Therefore, my definition makes sense of a variety of historical data, sets Jesus in his socio-political context as well as 1st century judaism, as far as we know, in addition to being theologically consistent with Xn doctrine and OT movements (both historically possible and theologically acceptable?). This is obviously a more complex proposal and requires more work espeically in the develop of OT theology of theocracy and what the prophetic movements in Israel both prior to and after Assyrian Exile, Babalyonian Exile, and the Maccabean period.
The significance of such a proposal is that:
(1) The church is the new Israel
(2) Jesus' actions are just as significant as his words for Xn theology and doctrine
(3) Jesus was political
(4) Xn politics revolve around bringing the Kingdom to the whole earth
And surely much more. These are not my own ideas as I have cited just a few of the great minds that have opened my eyes to trying to understand Jesus in his world.
Let me know what you think, I love you guys.